Reliability Of Upper Extremity Isokinetic Push And Pull Work Testing

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-2016

Publication Title

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Supplemental

DOI

10.1249/01.mss.0000485278.46533.eb

ISSN

1530-0315

Abstract

While multisegment isokinetic testing more closely resembles functional movement patterns than isolated joint testing, little is known regarding the reliability of upper extremity push-pull testing (UE PPT). Quantifying total isokinetic work provides insight regarding sustainment of muscle force through a range of motion; before examining whether UE PPT work could be a useful injury risk and restoration marker, establishing reliability and limb/velocity/direction effects in healthy individuals is needed.

PURPOSE: To determine isokinetic UE PPT total work reliability and compare differences between limb (dominant/ nondominant), direction (push/pull), and velocity (24.4 cm/s , 42.7 cm/s, 61.0 cm/s).

METHODS: Healthy, physically active men (n=12) and women (n=12) aged 18-30 yrs completed a test-retest protocol (>96hr separation). Following a progressive four repetition warm-up, five maximal push-pull repetitions were completed using the closed kinetic chain attachment on a Biodex Dynamometer (Biodex, Shirley, NY) in a limb and velocity randomized order.

RESULTS: High (.863-.954) intraclass correlation coefficients (2, 1) and low standard error of measurement (262.5-557.9 N) were demonstrated for work across velocities, limbs, and directions. Pairwise post hoc analysis of a significant velocity by direction interaction (Pnondominant) was revealed (P=.049, d=.42).

CONCLUSION: Isokinetic UE PPT total work is a reliable measure. Healthy, young adults demonstrated asymmetry favoring the dominant limb (5%) and push direction (13 to 23%). We attribute the differential effect of velocity on push-pull action, to greater cross-sectional area of the elbow extensors, shoulder flexors and scapular protractors compared to the elbow flexors, shoulder extensors and scapular retractors. Future research will examine participants with a history of upper extremity injury.

Comments

© 2016 American College of Sports Medicine

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