Difference in Attentional Involvement and Respiratory Complexity During Static Balance Between Older and Young Adults

Document Type

Conference Proceeding

Publication Date

6-2018

Publication Title

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Supplemental

DOI

10.1249/01.mss.0000536492.93655.d4

Abstract

Balance system requires multiple bodily systems working in tandem. Sample entropy (SE), indicator of attentional involvement in balance, measures time series complexity, high values indicating high complexity. In older adults (OA), balance is documented as deteriorating as aging progresses. As such we hypothesized attentional investment on balance is higher among OA, leading to lower SE.

PURPOSE: Investigate 1) effects of group and breathing conditions on attentional involvement (AI) in balance 2) group effect on respiratory complexity (RC) and AI in balance between OA and YA.

METHODS: Participants were recruited and placed into 2 groups, OA (n=6) and YA (n=6). Participants were asked to stand on force plate for 2 minutes (Accusway, AMTI, Watertown, MA) with feet apart at 15° one fist apart at heels. Balance tests conducted under 3 breathing conditions, neutral breathing (NB), chest breathing (CB), abdominal breathing (AB). Raw data of CoP were filtered by 4th order low-pass Butterworth filter with cutoff-frequency 10Hz in R software (R software, The R Foundation, Austria). SE of CoP was calculated in mediolateral-direction (SEx), anteroposterior-direction (SEy), chest RC (SECh), abdominal RC (SEAb) in R. Factorial MANOVA used to test the effects of group and breathing conditions (independent variables) on SEx, SEy, SECh, SEAb (dependent variables). ANOVA and post-hoc tests used when needed.

RESULTS: MANOVA showed significant difference in group and breathing condition (Wilks’ λ<.000). Older adults exhibited higher means (p<.05) in SEx (OA:0.149±0.052; YA:0.108±0.040) and SEy (OA:0.271±0.106; YA:0.142±0.062). A significant interaction was observed between groups and breathing conditions (Wilks’ λ<.000). ANOVA showed significant interactions in SECh and SEAb (p<.000). Post-hoc tests showed YA AB (0.013±0.004) was significantly higher than all conditions and OA AB (0.006±0.002) was significantly higher than YA CB (0.010±0.003) with respect to SECh (p<.05); YA NB (0.011±0.005) and YA CB were significantly higher than OA NB (0.006±0.001), OA CB (0.006±0.001), OA AB, and YA AB with respect to SEAb.

CONCLUSION: Breathing condition significantly affected attention on balance with significant group effect between RC and AI, OA and YA. YA group exhibited highest combined complexity for both SECh and SEAb.

Comments

© 2018 American College of Sports Medicine

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