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Abstract

The Mughal Empire was one of the most ethnically diverse early modern states to have ever ruled, containing an array of states that are currently at the center of a geopolitical tug of war today. This brings forth the two main questions of how the Mughal Empire effectively administered their domains, and to what extent are signs of an early ethnic conflict present in the Empire? Utilizing an imperial framework with Anatoly Iseanko’s model to observe translated primary sources, a swath of rich secondary sources, and Mughal art; the early stages of an ethnic conflict reveals a rift between Hindu and Muslim political elite that was exacerbated by the elimination Akbar’s inclusive religious programs in exchange for Aurangzeb’s puritanical approach to governance.

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