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Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between late-Heian and early-Kamakura Japanese motherhood and Buddhist gaki or hungry ghosts. It highlights the physical, emotional, and spiritual burdens faced by mothers, emphasizing their role in the cycle of rebirth. Drawing from the diaries of aristocratic women, the paper illuminates the emotional and societal challenges faced by women in a patriarchal society. It highlights how women were often seen as more likely to be reborn as gaki due to gendered stereotypes and how motherhood was revered while simultaneously being tarnished.

First Page

26

Last Page

38

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

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